Data assimilation concepts and methods
By F Bouttier and P Courtier
- Basic concepts of data assimilation
- The state vector, control space and observations
- The modelling of errors
- Statistical interpolation with least-squares estimation
- A simple scalar illustration of least-squares estimation
- Models of error covariances
- Optimal interpolation (OI) analysis
- Three-dimensional variational analysis (3D-Var)
- 1D-Var and other variational analysis systems
- Four-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var)
- Estimating the quality of the analyses Implementation techniques
- Dual formulation of 3D/4D-Var (PSAS)
- The extended Kalman filter (EKF)
- Conclusion
- Appendix
- A. A primer on linear algebra
- B. Practical adjoint coding
- C. Exercises
- D. Main symbols
- References
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Assimilation Algorithms
By EV Holm
- Basic concepts
- Variational data assimilation
- Common assimilation algorithms
- References
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Assimilation techniques (3): 3dVar
By M Fisher
- Introduction
- The incremental method
- The background cost function
- References
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Assimilation techniques (4): 4dVar
By M Fisher
- Introduction
- Comparison between the ECMWF 3dVar and 4dVar systems
- The current operational configuration of 4dVar
- Increments from a single observation
- A cautionary example
- References
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Assimilation techniques (5): Approximate Kalman Filters and Singular Vectors
By M Fisher
- Introduction
- Why is the Kalman filter impractical for very large systems?
- The ensemble Kalman filter
- Subspaces, projections and Hessian singular vectors
- The ECMWF reduced-rank Kalman filter
- Examples
- References
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A data assimilation tutorial based on the Lorenz-95 system
By M Leutbecher
- Introduction
- Data assimilation experiments
- Outlook
- References
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Adaptive observations, the Hessian metric and singular vectors
By M Leutbecher
- Introduction
- Adaptive observations in the Lorenz 95 system - Methodology
- Adaptive observations in the Lorenz 95 system - Results
- Reduced rank prediction of forecast error variance reductions in an operational NWP context
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- References
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Observation Impact on the Short Range Forecast
By C Cardinali
- Introduction
- Observational Impact on the Forecast
- Results
- Conclusion
- References
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Observation influence diagnostic of a data assimilation system
By C Cardinali
- Introduction
- Classical Statistical Definitions of Influence Matrix and Self-Sensitivity
- Observational Influence and Self-Sensitivity for a DA Scheme
- Results
- Conclusions
- Appendix:
- A. Influence Matrix Calculation in Weighted Regression Data Assim. Scheme
- B. Approximate calculation of self-sensitivity in a large variational analysis system
- References
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Observations and diagnostic tools for data assimilation
By H Järvinen
- Observational preprocessing
- The observation screening
- Use of feedback information
- Diagnostic tools for an assimilation system
- References
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The control of gravity waves in data assimilation
By A Simmons
- Introduction
- Non-linear normal-mode initialization
- Control of gravity waves in the ECMWF variational data assimilation
- Digital filtering
- Appendix
- A. Definition of operators for the ECMWF vertical finite-difference scheme
- B. The Lamb wave
- C. The non-recursive implementation of the recursive filter
- References
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Principles of remote sensing of atmospheric parameters from space
By R Rizzi (revised by R Saunders)
- Introduction
- Absorption and transmission of monochromatic radiation
- Black-body radiation
- Emissivity, Kirchoff law and local thermodynamical equilibrium
- The equation for radiative transfer
- Spectral distribution of radiance leaving the atmosphere
- Modelling the interaction
- Line shapes and the absorption coefficient
- Continuum absorption
- Integration over frequency
- The direct problem
- References
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Inversion methods for satellite sounding data
By J Eyre
- Basic ideas
- Temperature profile inversion methods
- Constituent profile inversion
- Clouds
- Satellite sounding in numerical weather prediction
- References
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Introduction to microwave radiative transfer
By P Bauer
- Radiative transfer
- Radiative transfer models
- Atmospheric absorption
- Surface emission / reflection
- Hydrometeors
- Fast models
- Outstanding issues
- References
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Microwave radiative transfer modeling in clouds and precipitation - Part I
By P Bauer
- Introduction
- Microwave radiative transfer
- Radiative transfer models
- Optical properties
- References
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Microwave radiative transfer modeling in clouds and precipitation - Part II
By E Moreau, P Bauer and F Chevallier
- Introduction
- Edington vs Doubling-Adding model
- Comparison with other models
- References
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Land surface assimilation
By J-F Mahmouf and P Viterbo
- Introduction
- Design of land surface parametrizations
- Introduction to land surface assimilation
- Simple land surface initialisation methods
- Soil moisture initialisation using SYNOP observations
- Other techniques to initial soil moisture
- Initialisation of other land surface quantities
- Conclusions
- References
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