Gianpaolo Balsamo, Ph.D.

Research interests:

• Land surface modelling and data assimilation in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)
• Interacton of water, energy, carbon cycles in Earth System Science (ESS)
• Land-Atmosphere predictability studies

Work experiences:

• Senior scientist (current position), Model Division/Physics, ECMWF, UK, since 2009.
• Scientist, Model Division/Physics, ECMWF, UK, 2006-2009.
• Visiting scientist at the Meteorological Service of Canada, RPN, Canada, 2004-2005.
• ALATNET young researcher at CNRM, GMAP, France, 2000-2003.
• Weather forecasting and land modelling at the ARPA-Piedmont, Italy, 1999-2002.

Education:

• Habilitation in Meteorology (UPS, Toulouse-III, in preparation), in 2012.
• PhD in Meteorology (UPS, Toulouse-III and UNIGE, Genoa) in 2003.
• Physics degree ("Laurea", UNITO, University of Torino, Italy) in 1999.
• Visiting student (BSc/MSc, University of Reading, Met. Department, UK) in 1997.
• Computer science ("Diploma", Peano Institute, Torino, Italy), in 1994.

Commitees and projects:

• GLASS Global Land Atmosphere System Study panel's member. GLASS operates under the auspices of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX).
• GCW Global Chryosphere Watch (WMO) implementation working group.
• SRNWP Land Expert Team: Short-Range Numerical Weather Prediction (EUMETNET).
• GEOLAND-2 2008-2012: (PI) Operational land surface modelling and data assimilation for vegetation (LAI) and carbon (NEE) fluxes and coupling of carbon/water fluxes into atmospheric transport models (MACC), in preparation to GMES.

Useful links:

• CTESSEL (Global land Carbon&LAI).
• HTESSEL (Revised soil hydrology in IFS).
• ECMWF Training course - lectures material.
• IFS 2010 Documentation [Land surface physics (see Part IV, Chapter 7, pdf) and data assimilation (see Part II, Chapter 11, pdf)].

Recent pubblications:

F. Molteni, T. Stockdale, M. Balmaseda, G. Balsamo, R. Buizza, L. Ferranti, L. Magnusson, K. Mogensen, T. Palmer and F. Vitart, 2011: The new ECMWF seasonal forecast system (System 4), ECMWF Tech. memo 656 [pdf].

E. Dutra, L. Magnusson, F. Wetterhall, H. Cloke, G. Balsamo, S. Boussetta, F. Pappenberger, 2011: The 2010-11 drought in Horn of Africa, Geophysical Research Letters (submitted).

G. Balsamo, R. Salgado, E. Dutra, S. Boussetta, T. Stockdale, M. Potes, 2011: On the contribution of lakes in predicting near-surface temperature in a global weather forecasting model, TELLUS-A, Lake special issue (accepted), available as ECMWF Tech. memo 648 [pdf].

E. Dutra, S. Kotlarski, P. Viterbo, G. Balsamo, P. M. A. Miranda, C. Schär, P. Bissolli, and T. Jonas, 2011: Snow cover sensitivity to horizontal resolution, parameterizations and atmospheric forcing in a land surface model, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2011JD016061 [pdf].

C. Albergel, P. de Rosnay, G. Balsamo, L. Isaksen, J. Muñoz Sabater, 2011: Soil moisture analyses at ECMWF: evaluation using global ground-based in-situ observations, J. Hydrometeor. (in revision), also available as ECMWF Tech. memo 651 [pdf].

G. Balsamo, S. Boussetta, E. Dutra, A. Beljaars, P. Viterbo, B. Van den Hurk, 2011: Evolution of land surface processes in the IFS, ECMWF Newsletter, 127, 17-22.

P. de Rosnay, M. Drusch, G. Balsamo, C. Albergel, L. Isaksen, 2011: Extended Kalman Filter soil moisture analysis in the IFS, ECMWF Newsletter, 127, 12-16.

M. Grippa, L. Kergoat, F. Frappart, Q. Araud, A. Boone. P. de Rosnay, J.-M. Lemoine, S. Gascoin, G. Balsamo, C. Ottlé, B. Decharme, and S. Saux-Picart, 2011: Land water storage variability over West Africa estimated by Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and land surface models, Water Resour. Res., 47, W05549, doi:10.1029/2009WR008856.

C. Jiménez, C. Prigent, B. Mueller, S. I. Seneviratne, M. F. McCabe, E. F. Wood, W. B. Rossow, C. D. Kummerow, G. Balsamo, A. K. Betts, G. B. Bonan, M. G. Bosilovich, P. A. Dirmeyer, M. B. Ek, J. B. Fisher, M. Jung, M. Kanamitsu, R. D. Koster, R. H. Reichle, M. Reichstein, M. Rodell, J. Sheffield, K. Tu, K. Wang, 2011: Global comparison of 12 land surface heat fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D02102, doi: 10.1029/2010JD014545.

Mueller, B., S.I. Seneviratne , C. Jimenez, T. Corti, M. Hirschi , G. Balsamo , P. Ciais, P. Dirmeyer, J.B. Fisher, Z. Guo , M. Jung, F. Maignan, M.F. McCabe, R. Reichle, M. Reichstein, M. Rodell, J. Sheffield, A. J. Teuling, K. Wang, E.F. Wood, and Y. Zhang, 2011: Evaluation of global observations-based evapotranspiration datasets and IPCC AR4 simulations. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L06402, doi:10.1029/2010GL046230.

R. D. Koster, S. P. P. Mahanama, T. J. Yamada, G. Balsamo, A. A. Berg, M. Boisserie, P. A. Dirmeyer, F. J. Doblas-Reyes, G. Drewitt, C. T. Gordon, Z. Guo, J.-H. Jeong, W.-S. Lee, Z. Li, L. Luo, S. Malyshev, W. J. Merryfield, S. I. Seneviratne, T. Stanelle, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, F. Vitart, and E. F. Wood, 2010: The Second Phase of the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment: Soil Moisture Contributions to Subseasonal Forecast Skill, J. Hydrometeor., doi: 10.1175/2011JHM1365.1 [pdf].

D. P. Dee, S. M. Uppala, A. J. Simmons, P. Berrisford, P. Poli, S. Kobayashi, U. Andrae, M. A. Balmaseda, G. Balsamo, P. Bauer, P. Bechtold, A. C. M. Beljaars, L. van de Berg, J. Bidlot, N. Bormann, C. Delsol, R. Dragani, M. Fuentes, A. J. Geer, L. Haimberger, S. Healy, H. Hersbach, E. V. Hólm, L. Isaksen, P. Kållberg, M. Köhler, M. Matricardi, A. P. McNally, B. M. Monge-Sanz, J.-J. Morcrette, C. Peubey, P. de Rosnay, C. Tavolato, J.-N. Thépaut, F. Vitart, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., doi: 10.1002/qj.828, also available as ERA Report Series, n. 9, pp. 71 [pdf].

C. Szczypta, J.-C. Calvet, C. Albergel, G. Balsamo, S. Boussetta, D. Carrer, S. Lafont, and C. Meurey, 2011: Verification of the new ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis over France, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 647-666, doi:10.5194/hess-15-647-2011, 2011 [pdf].

S. Boussetta, G. Balsamo, A. Beljaars, T. Kral, L. Jarlan, 2011: Impact of a satellite-derived Leaf Area Index monthly climatology in a global Numerical Weather Prediction model, Int. J. Remote Sensing (accepted), also available as ECMWF Tech. Memo. 640 [pdf].

R. Lacaze, F. Baret, F. Camacho, R. d'Andrimont, S. C. Freitas, P. Pacholczyk, H. Poilvé, B. Smets h, K. Tansey, W. Wagner, J.-C. Calvet, G. Balsamo, R. Kidd, H. Makhmara, M. Weiss, A. Bradley, 2011: geoland2 - Towards an operational GMES Land Monitoring Core Service: the Biogeophysical Parameter Core Mapping Service, Proc. of the International Symposium of Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE).

E. Dutra, G. Balsamo, P. Viterbo, P.M.A. Miranda, A. Beljaars, C. Schär, K. Elder, 2010: An improved snow scheme for the ECMWF land surface model: description and offline validation. J. Hydrometeor.11, 899-916. doi: 10.1175/2010JHM1249.1., also available as ECMWF Tech. Memo. 607 [pdf].

A. Beljaars, G. Balsamo, P. de Rosnay, B. van den Hurk, M. Best: 2010: Land surface modelling, data assilimilation and implications for predictability, ECMWF Newsletter, 112, pp. 9-10 [pdf].

B. van den Hurk, F. Doblas-Reyes, G. Balsamo, R. Koster, S. Seneviratne and H. Camargo Jr, 2010: Soil moisture effects on seasonal temperature and precipitation forecast scores in Europe, Clim. Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0956-2.

C. Albergel, J.-C. Calvet, P. de Rosnay, G. Balsamo, W. Wagner, S. Hasenauer, V. Naeimi, E. Martin, E. Bazile, F. Bouyssel, J.-F. Mahfouf, 2010: Cross-evaluation of modelled and remotely sensed surface soil moisture with in situ data in Southwestern France, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 7, 4291-4330, doi:10.5194/hessd-7-4291-2010 [pdf].

G. Balsamo, S. Boussetta, P. Lopez, L. Ferranti, 2010: Evaluation of ERA-Interim and ERA-Interim-GPCP-rescaled precipitation over the U.S.A., ERA Report Series, n. 5, pp10 [pdf].

M.J. Rodwell, T.Jung, P. Bechtold, P. Berrisford, N. Bormann, C. Cardinali, L. Ferranti, T. Hewson, F. Molteni, N. Wedi, M.A. Balmaseda, G. Balsamo, M. Bonavita, R. Buizza, M. Dahoui, A. Garcia-Mendez ,M. Leutbecher, P. Lopez, Y. Trémolet and F. Vitart, 2010: Developments in diagnostics research, ECMWF Tech. Memo. 637 [pdf].

G. Balsamo, E. Dutra, S. Boussetta, A. Beljaars, P. Viterbo, B. van den Hurk, 2010: Recent advances in land surface modelling at ECMWF, Proc. of ECMWF/GLASS workshop on Land Surface Modelling, Data Assimilation and the implications for predictability, 9-12 November 2009, Reading, UK [pdf].

P. De Rosnay, M. Drusch, G. Balsamo, A. Beljaars, L. Isaksen, D. Vasiljevic, C. Albergel and K. Scipal, 2009: Advances in land data assimilation at ECMWF, Proc. of ECMWF/GLASS workshop on Land Surface Modelling, Data Assimilation and the implications for predictability, 9-12 November 2009, Reading, UK [pdf].

J.-C. Calvet, G. Balsamo, M. Balzarolo, A. Barbu, A. Cescatti, F. Chevallier, N. Delbart, J. de Vries, A.-L. Gibelin, A. Horanyi, L. Kullmann, S. Lafont, J.-F. Mahfouf, F. Maignan, D. Papale, G. Seufert and H. The, 2009: Monitoring soil and vegetation fluxes of carbon and water at the global cale: the land carbon core information service of GEOLAND2, Proc. of ECMWF/GLASS workshop on Land Surface Modelling, Data Assimilation and the implications for predictability, 9-12 November 2009, Reading, UK [pdf].

B. van den Hurk, E. Dutra, B. Smith, M. Brandt, M. Weiss, R. Haarsma, W. Hazeleger, G. Balsamo and M. van der Molen, 2009: The EC-Earth modelling challenges, Proc. of ECMWF/GLASS workshop on Land Surface Modelling, Data Assimilation and the implications for predictability, 9-12 November 2009, Reading, UK [pdf].

A. Agustí-Panareda, G. Balsamo, A. Beljaars, 2009: Impact of improved soil moisture on the ECMWF precipitation forecast in West Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20808, doi:10.1029/2010GL044748, also available as ECMWF Tech. memo. 611 [pdf].

Y. Takaya, F. Vitart, G. Balsamo, M. Balmaseda, M. Leutbecher, F. Molteni, 2010: Implementation of an ocean mixed layer model in the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System. ECMWF Tech. memo. 622 [pdf].

G. Balsamo, F. Pappenberger, E. Dutra, P. Viterbo, B. van den Hurk, 2010: A revised land hydrology in the ECMWF model: A step towards daily water flux prediction in a fully-closed water cycle., Special issue on large scale hydrology of Hydrological Processes, doi:10.1002/hyp.7808.

T. Jung, G. Balsamo, P. Bechtold, A. Beljaars, M. Köhler, M. Miller, J.-J. Morcrette, A. Orr, M. Rodwell, A. Tompkins, 2010 : The ECMWF model climate: Recent progress through improved physical parametrizations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136(650), 1145-1160, doi: 10.1002/qj.63 also available as ECMWF Tech. memo. 623 [pdf].

R. D. Koster, S. Mahanama, T. Yamada, G. Balsamo, M. Boisserie, P. Dirmeyer, F. Doblas-Reyes, T. Gordon, Z. Guo, J.-H. Jeong, D. Lawrence, Z. Li, L. Luo, S. Malyshev, W. Merryfield13, S. I. Seneviratne, T. Stanelle, B. van den Hurk, F. Vitart, and E. F. Wood, 2009: The Contribution of Land Surface Initialization to Subseasonal Forecast Skill: First Results from the GLACE-2 Project, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2009GL041677R.

A. Agustí-Panareda, A. Beljaars, M. Ahlgrimm, G. Balsamo, O. Bock, R. Forbes, A. Ghelli, F. Guichard, M. Köhler, R. Meynadier and J.-J. Morcrette, 2009: The ECMWF re-analysis for the AMMA observational campaign, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. (in press), doi:10.1002/qj.662 , also available as ECMWF Tech. memo. 612 [pdf].

J. Muñoz Sabater, P. de Rosnay, G. Balsamo, 2009: Sensitivity of L-band NWP forward modelling to soil roughness, Int. J. Rem. Sens. (accepted), also available as ECMWF Tech. memo. 624 [pdf].

F. Rabier, A. Bouchard, E. Brun, A. Doerenbecher, S. Guedj, V. Guidard, F. Karbou, V.-H. Peuch, L. El Amraoui, D. Puech, C. Genthon, G. Picard, M. Town, A. Hertzog, F. Vial, P. Cocquerez, S. A. Cohn, T. Hock, J. Fox, H. Cole, D. Parsons, J. Powers, K. Romberg, J. VanAndel, T. Deshler, J. Mercer, J. S. Haase, L. Avallone, L. Kalnajs, C. R. Mechoso, A. Tangborn, A. Pellegrini, Y. Frenot, J.-N. Thépaut, A. McNally, G. Balsamo, P. Steinle, 2009: The Concordiasi project in Antarctica, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 10.1175/2009BAMS2764,1 [pdf].

F. Pappenberger, H. Cloke, G. Balsamo, T. Ngo-Duc, T. Oki, 2009: Global runoff routing with the hydrological component of the ECMWF NWP system, Int. J. Climatol.,doi:10.1002/joc.2028 [pdf].

E. Dutra, V.M. Stepanenko, G. Balsamo, P. Viterbo, P.M. Miranda, D. Mironov, C. Schär, 2010: Global offline lake simulations: Validation and Impact on ERA-Interim, Bor. Env. Res., 15, 100-112, also available as ECMWF Tech. Memo. 608 [pdf].

G. Balsamo, E. Dutra, V.M. Stepanenko, P. Viterbo, P.M. Miranda, D. Mironov, 2010: Deriving an effective lake depth from satellite lake surface temperature data: A feasibility study with MODIS data, Bor. Env. Res., 15, 178-190, also available as ECMWF Tech. memo. 609 [pdf].

A. Boone, P. de Rosnay, G. Balsamo, A. Beljaars, F. Chopin, B. Decharme, C. Delire, A. Ducharne, S. Gascoin, M. Grippa, F. Guichard, Y. Gusev, P. Harris, L. Jarlan, L. Kergoat, E. Mougin, O. Nasonova, A. Norgaard, T. Orgeval, C. Ottlé, I. Poccard-Leclercq, J. Polcher, I. Sandholt, S. Saux-Picart, C. Taylor, and Y. Xue, 2009: The AMMA Land Surface Model Intercomparison Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90 (12). 1865-1880. 10.1175/2009BAMS2786.1.

P. de Rosnay, M. Drusch, A. Boone, G. Balsamo, B. Decharme, P. Harris, Y. Kerr, T. Pellarin, J. Polcher and J-P. Wigneron, 2009: The AMMA Land Surface Model Intercomparison Experiment coupled to the Community Microwave Emission Model: ALMIP-MEM. J. Geophys. Res., Vol 114, doi:10.1029/2008JD010724.

F. Guichard, N. Asencio, C. Peugeot, O. Bock, J.-L. Redelsperger, X. Cui, M. Garvert, B. Lamptey, E. Orlandi, J. Sander, F. Fierli, M. A. Gaertner, S. Jones, J.-P. Lafore, A. Morse, M. Nuret, A. Boone, G. Balsamo, P. de Rosnay, B. Decharme, P. P. Harris and J.-C. Bergès, 2009 : An intercomparison of simulated rainfall and evapotranspiration associated with a mesoscale convective system over West Africa, Weather and Forecasting, 25, 37-60. doi : 10.1175/2009WAF2222250.1

G. Balsamo, P. Viterbo, A. Beljaars, B. van den Hurk, M. Hirschi, A.K. Betts, and K. Scipal, 2009: A Revised Hydrology for the ECMWF Model: Verification from Field Site to Terrestrial Water Storage and Impact in the Integrated Forecast System. J. Hydrometeor., 10, 623-643, also available as ECMWF Tech. memo. 563 [pdf].

M. Drusch, K. Scipal, P. de Rosnay, G. Balsamo, E. Andersson, P. Bougeault, P. Viterbo, 2009:
Towards a Kalman filter based soil moisture analysis system for the operational ECMWF Integrated Forecast System, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L10401, doi:10.1029/2009GL037716.

M. Drusch, T. Holmes, P. de Rosnay and G. Balsamo, 2009: Comparing ERA-40 based L-band brightness temperatures with Skylab observations: A calibration / validation study using the Community Microwave Emission Model.10, 213-225, DOI: 10.1175/2008JHM964.1 ECMWF Tech. memo. 566 [pdf].

T. Jung, G. Balsamo, P. Bechtold, A. Beljaars, M. Köhler, M. Miller, J-J. Morcrette, A. Orr, M. Rodwell and A.M. Tompkins, 2009: The ECMWF model climate: Recent progress through improved physical parametrizations. Proc. of ECMWF seminar on Parametrization of Subgrid Physical Processes, 4-8 September 2008, 233-250 [pdf].

M. Drusch, K. Scipal, P. de Rosnay, G. Balsamo, E. Andersson, P. Bougeault and P. Viterbo, 2008: Exploitation of satellite data in the surface analysis, ECMWF Tech. memo. 576 [pdf].

C. Cassardo, N. Loglisci, M. W. Qian, S. Ferrarese, A. Longhetto, G. Balsamo, 2008: Numerical simulation of the 1999 Christmas day storms in Europe (in Chinese)", Meteorology and disaster reduction research, 32(2), pp. 1-8.

P. de Rosnay, M. Drusch, J.-P. Wigneron, T. Holmes, G. Balsamo, A. Boone, C. Rudiger, J.-C. Calvet, Y. Kerr, 2008: Soil moisture remote sensing for numerical weather prediction: L-band and C-band emission modeling over land surfaces, the community microwave emission model (CMEM). IGARRS IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium, 563-566, 978-1-4244-2808-3/08, Boston, 6-11 July 2008.

C.M.J. Jacobs, E.J. Moors, H.W. Ter Maat, A.J. Teuling, G. Balsamo, J.-C. Calvet, J. Ettema, M. Lange, B.J.J.M. Van Den Hurk, P. Viterbo and W. Wergen 2008: Evaluation of European Land Data Assimilation System (ELDAS) products using in situ observations. Tellus, 60A, 1023-1037.

Bechtold, P., M. Köhler, T. Jung, F. Doblas-Reyes, M. Leut becher, M. J . Rodwel l , F. Vitart, G. Balsamo, 2008: Advances in simulating atmospheric variability with the ECMWF model: from synoptic to decadal time-scales. Q.J.R.Meterol. Soc., 134, 1337-1351, also available as ECMWF Tech. Memo. 556 [pdf].

F. Vitart, A. Bonet, M. Balmaseda, G. Balsamo, J.-R. Bidlot, R. Buizza, M. Fuentes, A. Hofstadler, F. Molteni, T. Palmer, 2008: The new VarEPS- monthly forecasting system: a first step towards seamless prediction. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 134, 1789-1799.

P. De Rosnay, M. Drusch, T. Holmes, G. Balsamo, K. Scipal, E. Andersson, P. Bougeault, 2008: ECMWF's contribution to the SMOS project. ECMWF Newsletter 115, 5-6 [pdf].

M. Drusch, K. Scipal, E. Andersson, G. Balsamo, T. Holmes and P. de Rosnay, 2008: Use of satellite data for land surface assimilation. Proc. of ECMWF seminar on Recent developments in the use of satellite observations in numerical weather prediction, 3-7 September 2007, 187-200. [pdf].

F. Vitart, A. Bonet, M. Balmaseda, G. Balsamo, J.-R. Bidlot, R. Buizza, M. Fuentes, A. Hofstadler, F. Molteni, T. Palmer, 2008: Merging VarEPS with the monthly forecasting system: a first step towards seamless prediction. ECMWF Newsletter 115, 35-43 [pdf].

Jarlan, L., G. Balsamo, S. Lafont, A. Beljaars, J.C. Calvet and E. Mougin, 2008: Analysis of Leaf Area Index in the ECMWF land surface scheme and impact on latent heat and carbon fluxes: Applications to West Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D24117. also available as ECMWF Tech. Memo. 544 [pdf].

G. Balsamo, J.-F. Mahfouf, S. Bélair, G. Deblonde, 2007: A Land Data Assimilation System for soil moisture and temperature: An information content study. J. Hydromet., 8, 1225-1242 [pdf].

C. Rudiger, J.-C. Calvet, J.-F. Mahfouf, L. Jarlan, G. Balsamo, and J. Muñoz Sabater,
2007: Assimilation of land surface variables for model initialisation at Meteo-France. L. Oxley and D. Kulasiri (Eds.), Proc. of the international congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM). Modelling and simulation society of Australia and New Zealand, Inc., Christchurch, New Zealand, 10-13 December, 2007, 1716-1722.

Beljaars, A., G. Balsamo, A. Betts and P. Viterbo, 2007: Atmosphere/surface interactions in the ECMWF model at high latitudes. Proc. of ECMWF Seminar on Polar meteorology, 4-8 September 2006, ECMWF, 153-168 [pdf].

M. Drusch, K. Scipal, E. Andersson, G. Balsamo, P. de Rosnay, 2007: Use of satellite data for land surface assimilation. Proc. of ECMWF Seminar on Recent Developments in the Use of Satellite Observations in Numerical Weather Prediction, 3-7, Sept 2007. [pdf].

G. Balsamo, J.-F. Mahfouf, S. Bélair, G. Deblonde, 2006: A Global Root-Zone Soil Moisture Analysis Using Simulated L-band Brightness Temperature in Preparation for the Hydros Satellite Mission. J. Hydromet., 7, 1126-1146 [pdf].

G. Balsamo, F. Bouyssel, J. Noilhan, J.-F. Mahfouf, S. Bélair, S., G. Deblonde: 2005. A simplified variational analysis scheme for soil moisture: Developments at Météo-France and MSC. Proc. ECMWF/ELDAS workshop on Land Surface Assimilation, ECMWF, Reading , UK , 79-96 [pdf].

S. Bélair, G. Balsamo, J.-F. Mahfouf, G. Deblonde, 2005: Towards the inclusion of Hydros soil moisture measurements in forecasting systems of the meteorological service of Canada. Proc. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 25-29 July 2005, 4, 2741-2743 [pdf].

G. Balsamo, F. Bouyssel and J. Noilhan, 2004: A simplified bi-dimensional variational analysis of soil moisture from screen-level observations in a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 895-915. [pdf]

C. Cassardo, G. Balsamo, C. Cacciamani, D. Cesari, T. Paccagnella and R. Pelosini, 2002: Impact of soil surface moisture initialization on rainfall in a limited area model: a case study of the 1995 South Ticino flash flood. Hydrol. Process., 16, 1301-1317 [pdf].

G. Balsamo, B. Cagnazzi, G. Paesano, 2000: A statistical-climatological wind study for characterization of anemological basins in Piedmont Region. Proc. of a Wind Engeneering workshop "In vento 2000", Genoa, Italy, pages 93-100, included in "The wind in Piemonte" ARPA Eds., (in Italian) [pdf].
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