APPENDIX A List of symbols
Convective available potential energy
Convective chemical Tracer no i
Convective Tracer concentration in updraught
Convective Tracer concentration in downdraught
Drag coefficient
Fraction of grid square occupied by convection
Specific at constant pressure for dry air
Condensation/sublimation in the updraughts
Rate of mass detrainment in the updraughts
Rate of mass detrainment in the downdraughts
Rate of mass entrainment in the updraughts
Rate of mass entrainment in the downdraughts
Evaporation of rain
Evaporation of precipitation (rain and snow) in the downdraughts
Evaporation of rain in the downdraughts
Evaporation of snow in the downdraughts
Evaporation of precipitation (rain and snow) in the unsaturated sub-cloud
layer
Evaporation of rain in the unsaturated sub-cloud layer
Evaporation of snow in the unsaturated sub-cloud layer
Freezing rate of condensate in the updraughts
Conversion rate from cloud (water+ice) into precipitation (rain+snow)
Conversion rate from cloud water into rain
Conversion rate from cloud ice into snow
Moist static energy (
) in the environment
Saturated moist statice energy in the environment
Moist static energy in the updraughts
Moist static energy in the downdraughts
Surface turbulent sensible heat flux
Surface turbulent latent heat flux
Kinetic energy in the updraughts
Effective latent heat for an ice/water mix
Latent heat of fusion
Latent heat of sublimation
Latent heat of vaporization
LCL Lifting Condensation Level
CFL Courant-Friedrich-Levy criterium
Cloud water/ice content in the updraughts
Melting rate of snow
Net mass flux in the convective clouds (updraughts + downdraughts)
Net mass flux in the downdraughts
Net mass flux in the downdraughts
Net flux of precipitation in the form of rain
Net flux of precipitation in the form of snow
pressure
Specific humidity of the environment
Specific humidity in the updraughts
Specific humidity in the downdraughts
Rain intensity
Relative humidity
Precipitation (rain+snow) in the updraughts
Precipitation (rain+snow) in the downdraughts
Fall-out of rain/snow
Dry static energy in the environment
Dry static energy in the updraughts
Dry static energy in the downdraughts
Virtual temperature in the environment
Virtual temperature in the updraughts
component of wind in the environment
component of wind in the updraughts
component of wind in the downdraughts
Mean terminal velocity of precipitation (rain+snow)
Mean terminal velocity of rain drops
component of wind in the environment
component of wind in the updraughts
component of wind in the downdraughts
Vertical velocity in the environment
Vertical velocity in the updraughts
Convective velocity scale
Detrainment per unit length
Entrainment per unit length
Density of air
Density of rain
Adjustment time scale
Omega (large-scale) vertical velocity
Pressure difference between two model half-levels
Model time step
