| Home > Newsevents > Training > Rcourse_notes > PARAMETRIZATION > CLOUDS > |
Representation of clouds in large-scale
models
May 1992
By M. Tiedtke
| Table of contents | |||||||
|
Table of contents
Previous Section
Betts, A.K., 1978: Convection in the tropics. In D.B. Shaw (ed), Meteorology over the Tropical Oceans, Roy.Meteor.Soc., 105-132.
Betts, A.K., 1990: Greenhouse warming and the tropical water budget. Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc., 71. 14641465.
Cess, RD., G.L. Plotter, J.P. Blanchet, G.J. Boer, SJ. Ghan, J.T. Kiehl, H. Le Treut, Z.X. Li, Z: X. Liang, J.F.B. Mitchell, D.A. Randall. M.R Riches, E. Roeckner, U. Schlese, A. Slingo, K.E. Taylor, W.M. Washington, R.T. Wetherald and I. Yagai, 1989: Intercomparison of cloud-climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models. Science, 245. 513-516.
Churchill, D.D. and RA. Houze, JR., 1991: Effects of radiation and turbulence on the diabatic heating and water budget of the stratiform region of a tropical cloud cluster. J.Atmos.Sci., 48. 903-922.
Deardorff, J.W.,1976: On the entrainment rate of a stratocummulus-topped mixed layer. Q.J.R.Meteor.Soc., 102, 576-582.
Flatoy, F., 1992: Comparison of two parametrization schemes for cloud and precipitation processes. Tellus, 44A. 41-53.
Gamache, J.F. and R.A. Houze, JR., 1983: Water budget of a mesoscale convective system in the tropics. J.Atmos.Sci., 4~,0 1835-1850.
Geleyn, J.-F., 1981: Some diagnostics of the cloud/radiation interaction in ECMWF forecasting model. ECMWF Workshop on Radiation and Cloud-Radiation Interaction in Numerical Modelling, 15-17 Oct. 1980, ECMWF, 135-162.
Haltiner, G.J. and RT. Williams, 1980: Numerical prediction and dynamic meteorology. 2nd Edition, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 313-314.
Hense, A. and E. Heise, 1984: A sensitivity study of cloud parametrization in general circulation models. Beitr.Phys.Atmosph., 57.240-258.
Kessler, E., 1969: On the distribution and continuity of water substance in atmospheric circulations. Met.Monogr., 32. 84pp.
Le Treut, H. and Z.X. Li, 1989: Using Meteosat data to validate a prognostic cloud water scheme. Atmosph.Res., 21. 273-292.
Lindzen, R.S., 1990: Some coolness concerning global warning. Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc., 71, 288-299 and Response. Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc., 71.1465-1467.
Lowe, P.R., 1977: An approximating polynomial for the computation of saturation vapour pressure. J.Appl.Meteor., 16.100-103.
Ludlam, F.H., 1980: Clouds and storms. Pennsylvania State University Press, 403pp.
Luepkes, C., K.D. Beheng and G. Doms, 1989: A parametrization scheme for simulating collision/coalescence of water drops. Beitr-Phys.Atmosph., 62, 289-306.
Manabe, S., and J.L. Holloway, Jr., 1971: Simulation of climate by a global general circulation model, 1. Hydrological cycle and heat balance. Mon.Wea.Rev., 9-,9 335-369.
Mason, B.J., 1971: The physics of clouds. Oxford Univ.Press, 671 pp.
Mitchell, J., 1989: The greenhouse effect and climate change. Rev.Geophys., 27. 115-140.
Penc, R.S., and B.A. Albrecht, 1987: Parametric representation of heat and moisture fluxes in cloud-topped mixed layers. Boundary Layer Meteor., 38, 225-248.
Randall, D.A., 1987: Turbulent fluxes of liquid water and buoyancy in partly cloudy layers. J.Atmos.Sci., 4t4 850-858.
Sasamori, J., 1975: A statistical model for stationary atmospheric cloudiness, liquid water content and rate of precipitation. Mon.Wea.Rev., 103. 1037-1049.
Shao, Q., D.A. Randall and Ch-H. Moeng, 1991: A new planetary boundary layer parametrization with partial mixing and partial cloudiness. Ninth Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Denver, Colorado, 14-18 Oct.1991. (available from Amer.Meteor.Soc., Boston, MA, USA).
Slingo, J.M., 1987: The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model. Quart.Roy.Met.Soc., 106 ,899-927.
Smith, R.N.B., 1990:A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model. Quart.Roy.Met.Soc., 116, 435-460.
Sokolnikoff, I.S. and RM. Redheffer, 1966: Mathematics of Physics and Modern Engineering. McGrawHill, 412-429.
Sommeria, G. and J.W. Deardorff, 1977: Subgrid-scale condensation in models of non-precipitating clouds. J.Atmos.Sci., 3~,4 344-355.
Stowe, L.L., P.P. Pellegrino and P.H. Hwang, 1984: Use of NIMBUS-7 satellite data for validation of GCM generated cloud cover. ECMWF Workshop on cloud cover parametrization in numerical models, 2628 Nov. 1984, 295-310.
Sundquist, H., 1978: A parametrization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content. Quart.Roy.Met.Soc., 104, 677-690. .
Sundquist, H.,1988: Parametrization of condensation and associated clouds in models for weather prediction and general circulation simulation. In M.E. Schlesinger (ed), Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climate Change. Kluwer, 433-461.
Sundquist, H., E. Berge and J.E. Kristjansson, 1989: Condensation and cloud parameterization studies with a mesoscale numerical prediction model. Mon.Wea.Rev., 117, 1641-1657.
Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive massflux scheme for cumulus parametrization in large scale models. Mon.Wea.Rev., 117. 1779-1800.
Tiedtke, M., 1991: Aspects of cumulus parametrization. ECMWF Seminar on Tropical extra-tropical interactions, Reading, U.K., 10-14 Sep1.1990, 441-446. (Available from ECMWF,Shinfield Park, Reading, Berkshire, U.K.)
Tiedtke, M., 1992: Representation of clouds in large-scale models. manuscript to be submitted to M.W.R
Wang, S.W. and B.A. Albrecht, 1986: A stratocumulus model with internal circulation. J.Atmos.Sci., 43, 2347-2391.
Warren, S.G., C.J. Hahn, RM. Chervin and R.L. Jenne, 1986: Cloud distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over land. NCAR Tech.Note NCARffN-273+STR. - ----,1988. Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over land. NCAR Tech-Note NCAR/TN-317+STR.
Williamson, D.L. and P.J.Rasch, 1989: Two-dimensional semi-Lagrangian transport with shape-preserving interpolation. Mon.Wea.Rev, 117. 102-119.
Training Course Notes Front Page
Table of contents
Previous Section
 |
11.06.2002 |
 |
© ECMWF |
