Parametrization of Diabatic Processes

 

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"The general problem of parametrization" by M. Tiedtke
        1. Introduction
        2. The spectrum of atmospheric motions
        3. The non-parametrized equations
        4. Principles of parametrization
        References

"Parametrization of non-convective condensation" by M. Tiedtke
        1. Thermodynamics of moist air
        2. Cloud physical processes
        3. Parametrization of non-convective processes and precipitation processes in numerical models
        References

"Atmospheric moist convection" by P. Bechtold
        1. The nature of moist convection
        2. Parameterization of convection
        3. The IFS convection parameterization
        4. Forecasting - case studies
        5. Appendix - Simple wave types and quasi-geostrophic adjustment
        References

"Atmospheric thermodynamics " by P. Bechtold
        1. Ideal gas law
        2. First law of thermodynamics
        3. Second law of thermodynamics
        4. Enthalpy
        5. State functions and Maxwell relations
        6. Humidity variables
        7. Virtual temperature
        8. Reversible adiabatic transformation without phase change
        9. Reversible adiabatic transformation with phase change
        10. Clausius Clapeyron equation
        11. Ways of reaching saturation
        12. Energy diagrams - Tephigram
        13. Saturation adjustment - numerical procedure
        References

"Non-orographic gravity waves and the middle atmosphere" by A. Orr, P. Bechtold, J. Scinocca, M. Ern and M. Janiskova
        1. Introduction
        2. The S03 gravity wave scheme
        3. Climate experiments, parameter settings, and validating data
        4. The extratropical temperature structure and circulation
        5. Planetary waves
        6. Tropical oscillations
        7. Parametrized and resolved momentum flux
        8. High resolution middle atmosphere forecast error and analysis
        9. Summary and discussion
        References

"The mass-flux approach to the parametrization of deep convection" by D. Gregory
        1. Introduction
        2. The need for parametrization
        3. Mass-flux theory of convection
        4. Evaluation of mass-flux theory
        5. Evaluation of convective schemes using cloud-resolving models
        6. Concluding comments
        References

"Sensitivity of general circulation model performance ot convective parametrization" by D. Gregory
        1. Introduction
        2. The importance of shallow convection
        3. Sensitivity of climate simulations to the paramtrization of deep convection
        4. Summary
        References

"The parametrization of cloud cover" by A. M. Tompkins
        1. Introduction
        2. Background
        3. Relative humidity schemes
        4. Statistical schemes
        5. The ECMWF prognostic cloud cover scheme
        6. Summary
        References

"The parametrization of the planetary boundary layer" by Anton Beljaars
        1. Introduction
        2. Similarity theory and surface fluxes
        3. PBL schemes for atmospheric models
        4. List of symbols
        References

"Land surface assimilation" by Jean-François Mahfouf and Pedro Viterbo
        1. Introduction
        2. Design of land surface parametrisations
        3. Introduction to land surface assimilation
        4. Simple land surface initialisation methods
        5. Soil moisture initialisation using SYNOP observations
        6. Other techniques to initial soil moisture
        7. Initialisation of other land surface quantities
        8. Conclusions
        References

"A review of parametrization schemes for land surface processes" by Pedro Viterbo
        1 . Introduction
        2 . General remarks
        3 . Soil energy abd water budget
        4 . Examples of parametrization schemes
        5 . Subgrid-scale heterogeneity
        6 . Validation and intercomparison
        7 . Initial values
        8 . Snow modelling
        9 . Conclusions
        References

"The role of the land surface in the climate system" by Pedro Viterbo
        1. Introduction
        2. Surface energy and water budget
        3. Time scales and the role of soil moisture
        4. Impact of land surface on weather: A brief literature survey
        5. Examples from ECMWF recent experience
        6. Conclusions
        References

 "Theory of linear gravity waves" by Tim Palmer
        1. Simple properties of internal gravity waves
        2. Gravity-wave drag
        References

"Subgrid-scale orographic drag" by M. J. Miller
        1. General principles
        2. Description of the scheme
        3. Specification of subgrid-scale orography
        Appendix A. List of symbols

"Radiation transfer " by Jean-Jacques Morcrette
        1. Introduction: An historical perspective
        2. The Earth's radiative balance and its implications
        3. The theory of radiation transfer
        4. Radiation schemes in use at ECMWF
        5. Comparisons with observations
        6. Conclusions and perspective
        References